Not all mass spectra of a given substance are the same. Jimenez, department of chemistry and biochemistry ucb 215, cooperative institute for research in the environmental sciences. Introduction to mass spectrometry syllabus for chem 395455. Interpretation of mass spectra by mclafferty fred w turecek. The ionized molecule often fragments into smaller ionsradicals.
If you are starting to interpret ei mass spectra, this is the perfect guide to start with. Graham cooks, hao chen, zheng ouyang, andy tao, yu xia and lingjun li. Fred mclafferty was born in evanston, illinois in 1923, but attended grade school in omaha, nebraska, graduating from omaha north high school in 1940. Development of an ion mobility spectrometer for use in an atmospheric pressure ionization ion mobility spectrometer mass spectrometer instrument for fast screening analysis. For a large enough number of carbons, m is no longer most intense peak. In this video we will try to understand basics of mass spectrometry.
Digital notes and study tools builtin study tools include highlights, study guides, annotations, definitions, flashcards, and. Interpretation of mass spectra a standard handbook of mass spectrometry by mclafferty turecek. Mass spectrometry mclafferty rearrangement problems. Mclafferty rearrangement simple english wikipedia, the. Mass spectroscopy minnesota state university moorhead. Interpretation of mass spectra third edition fred w. The first proton originates from the system and the second from proton transfer. Read your book anywhere, on any device, through redshelfs cloud based ereader. Metzger, university of oldenburg electron ionization and fragmentation of organic ions and interpretation of ei mass spectra, j. Introduction to mass spectrometry syllabus for chem 395. Energy is redistributed and finally low mass products are formed.
Electron capture dissociation for structural characterization of multiply charged protein cations, anal. Most times, a carboncarbon bond breaks and the atoms do. Most mass spectra are not trivial to decipher due to. For example, in the mass spectrum of pentane, the heaviest ion has an mz value of 72. Mass spectral interpretation is the method employed to identify the chemical formula, characteristic fragment patterns and possible fragment ions from the mass spectra. Mclafferty has 16 books on goodreads with 27 ratings. Buy interpretation of mass spectra 1993 by mclafferty, fred w. Frantisek tureek and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at.
Proteomicsprotein identification mass spectrometry. However, there are characteristic ion series at lo wer mass that also give insights into molecular structure. Lecture notes in eimass spectrometry by torben lund. Turecek published by university science books, mill valley, 1993 isbn 0.
Of course, a single chapter cannot be comprehensive and thus, further reading may be desirable. Sysoev a, adamov a, viidanoja j, ketola ra, kostiainen r, kotiaho t. That isnt a problem you are likely to meet at alevel. Mass spectrometry in chemical research and production, appl. Alternative to mclafferty, somewhat easier to read lee, a beginners guide to mass spectral interpretation, 1998.
Article views are the countercompliant sum of full text article downloads since november 2008 both pdf and html across all institutions and individuals. Chromatographic and mass spectral studies on methoxy methyl. The specific objectives of this course are to acquaint the student with basic aspects of mass spectrometry. In mass spectrometry, one generates ions from a sample to be analyzed. Elemental analysis of organic species with electron. A mass spectrometer breaks apart the molecule being studied. Fragmentation of organic ions and interpretation of ei. If good inferences could be made, use the remainder of the mass spectrum to try to elucidate structural features or isomerism. My thanks are extended to the staff of my facility n.
A few compounds have mass spectra which dont contain a molecular ion peak, because all the molecular ions break into fragments. Mass spectroscopy mass spectroscopy is a technique causing the formation of the gaseous ions with or without fragmentation. Collisioninduced dissociation pathways of anabolic. Previous chapter recommend to your librarian download as pdf export citation next chapter. Using ei mass spectra of small molecules from the nist database, we demonstrate that it is possible to determine atomic ratios for oc, hc, and nc, as well as the ratio for total organic mass to organic carbon mass omoc. Additional analysis if no inferences are realistic from tables 3 and 4, attempt deeper analysis of the mass spectrum. Interpretation of mass spectra, say the authors, aims at correlating ion dissociation mechanisms on a much broader scale, with emphasis on basic attributes such as ionization energies, proton read more. Caprioli, vanderbilt university, nashville fast atom bombardment. Mclafferty s text has become a classic for classroom or self study concerned with interpreting mass spectra in order to discern molecular structures or identities of compounds. Isotopic percentage and nominal mass calculation are also. If, for a carboncontaining compound, peak a has intensity 100, then higher mass peaks have intensity. The urgent requirements of world war ii accelerated his undergraduate studies at the university of nebraska. It delivers practical and sustainable innovations to enable significant advancements in areas such as healthcare delivery, life sciences, environmental management, energy, food safety, and water quality.
International association of protein structure analysis and proteomics. The chapter includes an introduction to the main ionisation techniques in mass spectrometry and the way the resulting fragments can be analysed. Mclaffertys most popular book is interpretation of mass spectra. Alternative to mclafferty, somewhat easier to read lee, a beginners guide to mass. When only a mass spectrum of the sample is available, the results tend to be. Published by university science books 1993 isbn 10.
Mass spectrometry mass spectrometry is the most accurate method for determining the molecular mass of the compound and its elemental composition. It is commonly used for the identification of organic compounds from electron ionization mass spectrometry. Interpretation of mass spectra, say the authors, aims at correlating ion dissociation mechanisms on a much broader scale, with emphasis on basic attributes such as ionization energies, proton affinities, and bond dissociation energies. Veith, technical university of darmstadt field desorption, r. Westinghousenew method for accurate gas analysisa mass spectrometer 1943 1.
The mclafferty rearrangement is an organic reaction seen in mass spectrometry. A mass spectrum can represent many different types of information based on the type of mass spectrometer and the specific experiment applied. Decomposition of electron ionization mass spectra for space. Mclafferty s most popular book is interpretation of mass spectra. Turecek published by university science books, mill valley, 1993 isbn. Mass spectrometry allows us to measure the masses of atoms and molecules, and also obtain information about their chemical structure. Sauerwein to use a large set of electron ionization mass spectra from the nistepanih mass spectral library is also gratefully acknowledged. Interpretation of mass spectra of organic molecules. For structure elucidation and mass spectral identification highchem mass frontier and acdms manager are required. It is also called as positive ion spectra or line spectra. It is concise, wellwritten, and very comprehensible.
The molecular weight of a pure compound from the identification of the parent peak. It is a histogram usually acquired using an instrument called a mass spectrometer. Mar 27, 2015 general rules for interpretation of mass spectra. This is exemplified by the esimsms behavior of naled where the peak at m z 127 obeys this rule. Common fragmentation processes for organic molecules are the mclafferty rearrangement and alpha cleavage. The following chapter introduces one of the key disciplines of organic mass spectrometry. First, the fundamental notions of mass spectrometry are explained, so that the reader can easily cover this chapter graphs, main pick, molecular ion, illogical pick, nitrogen rule, etc. May 23, 2018 in this video we will try to understand basics of mass spectrometry.
These metrics are regularly updated to reflect usage leading up to the last few days. In certain cases, adduct ions may dominate the spectra. With roland gohlke, he pioneered the technique of gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Results in complex mass spectra with fragment ions, useful for. Elemental analysis of organic species with electron ionization highresolution mass spectrometry allison c. Information is concentrated at higher mass in the primary fragmentations neutral losses. Mass spectrometry is the key enabling technology for the 21st century. Ms interpretation i identification of the molecular ion. Turecek and a great selection of related books, art and collectibles available now at. Mass spectra is a plot of relative abundance against mass tocharge ratio. Wesener, bayer industry services, leverkusen chemical ionization, j. Most interpretation techniques are applicable to spectra.
Mass spectrum interpretation fragmentation reactions 1. He is best known for the mclafferty rearrangement reaction that was observed with mass spectrometry. Interpretation of mass spectra by mclafferty, fred w. The subsequent interpretation of full scan and tandem mass spectra is more complicated due to a high number of possible functional groups. Mass spectrometry and interpreting mass spectra compound. Interpretation of production spectra of anabolic steroids and exploration of their collisioninduced dissociation cid pathways are of importance to mass spectrometric characterization of new designer steroids, and helpful in understanding specificity of product ions of anabolic steroids for their detection, identification, and.
Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. In order to interpret the mass spectrum, one should attain an understanding of the ionisation process. Fragmentation of organic ions and interpretation of ei mass. Citations are the number of other articles citing this article, calculated by crossref and updated daily. Turecek, interpretation of mass spectra, university science. Mass spectrometry mclafferty rearrangement problems asked. Before we talk about interpreting spectra, lets discuss how they are generated in the first place. Structure elucidation of small molecules fiehn lab.
Interpretation of mass spectra, fw mclafferty and f. He is also known for electron capture dissociation, a method of fragmenting gas phase ions. The first and basic step in any interpretation of mass spectra is always the determination of molecular weight, which. Interpretation of mass spectra a standard handbook of mass spectrometry by mclafferty turecek lcms for simple lcms data handling the vendor specific software is usually sufficient. One part will concentrate on the interpretation of mass spectra. Extensively revised and updated, this new edition, as in pr. For simple lcms data handling the vendor specific software is usually sufficient. American society for mass spectrometry asms, and has served many different positions. The leading scientist in this field was fred mclafferty who together with frantisek turecek has written a very famous text book. Flock for their efforts and to the staff of the local libraries for their friendly support. Proteomicsprotein identification mass spectrometryreferences. Frantisek tureek and a great selection of related books. Interpretation of mass spectra, 4th edition, by fred mclafferty, published by university science books, 0935702253 interpretation of mass spectra, 4th ed. It is commonly used for the identification of organic compounds from electron ionization mass.
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